The latter pathway involves the pituitary and hypothalamus. glucose, calcium) or by the nervous system which allows for integration of external stimuli or input from higher parts of the brain. The production of hormones in the endocrine system can be regulated by the concentration of certain molecules or ions (e.g. The changes in these pathways are sufficient to regulate parameters such as serum calcium or glucose or respond to external stimuli such as stress. Hormone receptors in the endocrine system often trigger changes in gene expression to alter the activities of key biochemical or physiological pathways. These hormones are released by cells in one part of the body, enter the circulatory system to distribute throughout the body and bind specific receptors in other cells. Information in the endocrine system is transmitted through several small molecules, peptides and proteins that function as hormones. Along with the nervous system, the endocrine system coordinates the activities of cells in different organs and tissues to control physiological parameters or generate system-wide responses to environmental changes.
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